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flag 20 million "disappeared" baby girls due to China's one-child policy led to women's skepticism towards Beijing's current pro-birth initiatives.

flag China's one-child policy (1980-2015) left a significant impact on many women who were born during this time, leading to an estimated 20 million "disappeared" baby girls due to sex-selective abortions or infanticide. flag The heavy consequences for having an unauthorized second child under the policy have caused some women to view Beijing's current pro-birth agenda with skepticism. flag As China shifts from a one-child to a three-child policy, women who faced harsh penalties under the previous policy remain resistant to government pro-birth initiatives. flag Experts cite low fertility desire, high child-raising costs, and a climbing infertility rate as the primary obstacles to reversing China's shrinking population. flag Despite Beijing's attempts to foster a pro-birth culture through slogans and policy incentives, many women remain unconvinced that having children is purely a personal choice and not dictated by policy.

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