Russia mandates its Max app for essential services, replacing Western platforms with a state-controlled alternative used by over 100 million.

Russia is pushing its state-backed Max app on citizens since 2025, replacing Western platforms like WhatsApp and Telegram amid efforts to build a "sovereign internet." Developed by VK, Max integrates messaging, social media, banking, and government services, is pre-installed on devices, and requires access to essential services. Though not mandatory, its use is increasingly unavoidable. The app lacks end-to-end encryption, stores data in Russia, and is available in 40 "friendly" countries. Critics warn it enables state surveillance, while over 100 million users have adopted it under pressure and incentives.