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flag China expanded bond market access for foreign investors in 2025, boosting liquidity and integration toward global financial hub status.

flag China is advancing its goal of becoming a global financial hub by deepening connectivity in its bond market, which reached 196.7 trillion yuan ($28.5 trillion) by end-2025. flag Reforms since 2019, including cross-market trading and expanded bank access, have improved liquidity and policy transmission. flag Northbound and Southbound Bond Connect, launched in 2017 and 2021, enabled foreign investment, with Northbound trading at 9.7 trillion yuan in 2025. flag Swap Connect, introduced in 2023, saw over 530 billion yuan in transactions, and 2025 upgrades expanded maturity to 30 years and raised trading limits. flag Tax exemptions for foreign investors were extended to 2027, and a 2025 rule allowed renminbi bonds as collateral, completing the investment cycle. flag Challenges remain in aligning regulatory standards on disclosure, ratings, and investor protections, with officials pushing for deeper integration to build a unified, efficient national market.

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