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flag Pope Francis reshaped the Church with progressive policies, global appointments, and outreach, setting a new course distinct from past popes.

flag A 2026 study by UT Austin professor Sean Theriault found Pope Francis diverged significantly from past popes in policy, appointments, and travel. flag Analyzing speeches since St. John XXIII, the research showed Francis emphasized immigration, refugees, AI, and the death penalty more than predecessors. flag He accelerated global representation in the College of Cardinals, elevated bishops from smaller, non-European dioceses, shortened canonization timelines, and prioritized visits to prisons and shelters over traditional Church gatherings. flag The study, presented at Notre Dame’s Rome campus, noted these shifts will become clearer under successor Pope Leo XIV, whose more reserved style contrasts with Francis’s transformative approach.

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