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flag A Swedish study finds one antibiotic course can harm gut bacteria for up to 8 years, raising long-term health risks.

flag A large Swedish study of nearly 15,000 adults finds that even a single course of certain antibiotics—especially clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, and flucloxacillin—can alter the gut microbiome for up to eight years, with lasting reductions in microbial diversity and shifts in bacterial composition. flag While recovery is fastest in the first two years, full restoration is rare, particularly with repeated or prolonged use. flag The findings, based on national prescription records and fecal sequencing, suggest long-term health risks including type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal issues, prompting calls for more cautious antibiotic prescribing.

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