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flag Historian Rhae Lynn Barnes found blackface performances lasted into the 20th century, fueled by government programs and racism, and linked them to modern political rhetoric.

flag Historian Rhae Lynn Barnes uncovered that amateur blackface performances, rooted in racist minstrel shows, persisted well into the 20th century, contrary to the belief they faded by 1900. flag Her research, aided by previously hidden archival materials from the Library of Congress, revealed that step-by-step guides enabled schools, fraternities, fire departments, and military units to stage shows. flag During the Great Depression, the federal government promoted blackface as part of American heritage, distributing scripts through the Works Progress Administration. flag Commercial makeup companies thrived, and songs from the era romanticized slavery. flag Barnes links modern political rhetoric, including “Make America Great Again,” to minstrel show tropes. flag She emphasizes that the decline of blackface was due to civil rights-era activism, particularly by Black and white mothers, and calls understanding this history a patriotic duty.

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