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flag Sea urchin spines generate electricity in water flow, inspiring a new self-powered underwater sensor.

flag Researchers led by Prof. Wang Zuankai have discovered that sea urchin spines generate electrical signals up to 100 millivolts when exposed to water flow, thanks to a gradient porous structure that enables mechanoelectrical sensing. flag This physical mechanism, active even in dead spines, inspired the team to create a 3D-printed bionic sensor with three times higher voltage and eight times greater amplitude than non-gradient designs. flag A 3x3 array of these units demonstrated real-time, self-powered underwater flow detection with precise localization, offering potential for deep-sea monitoring, infrastructure sensing, aerospace, and brain-computer interfaces.

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