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flag Lunar magnetic spikes 3–4 billion years ago were brief and intense, not sustained, due to titanium-rich rock melting, new analysis shows.

flag New analysis of Apollo-era lunar rocks reveals the moon’s magnetic field was mostly weak but experienced brief, intense spikes lasting up to 5,000 years—possibly just decades—between 3 and 4 billion years ago. flag These bursts, likely caused by melting titanium-rich rocks deep within the moon, were stronger than Earth’s current field. flag Earlier conclusions of a sustained strong field were skewed by sampling bias, as Apollo missions landed in titanium-rich volcanic regions that overrepresented rare magnetic events. flag Future Artemis missions targeting the moon’s south polar region may collect more representative samples, helping clarify the moon’s magnetic history and its implications for planetary habitability.

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