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flag Indonesia's external debt rose to $431.7 billion by end-2025, with government borrowing for infrastructure and social spending driving the increase, while debt levels remain sustainable and below regional peers.

flag Indonesia's external debt rose to $431.7 billion by end-2025, driven by increased government borrowing for infrastructure and social spending, with foreign investment supporting sovereign bond demand. flag The debt-to-GDP ratio held steady at 29.9%, and 85.7% of total debt was long-term, reducing refinancing risks. flag Government debt reached $214.3 billion, mostly long-term, while private sector debt dipped to $192.8 billion. flag Finance Minister Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa confirmed government debt at 40.46% of GDP, calling it sustainable, noting lower levels than regional peers like Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore.

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