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Pre-Inca Chincha people used seabird guano to fertilize maize 800 years ago, boosting agriculture and enabling their kingdom's rise.
A new study published in PLOS One on February 11, 2026, reveals that the pre-Inca Chincha people in southern Peru used seabird guano as fertilizer for maize at least 800 years ago, boosting agricultural productivity in the arid coastal region.
Analysis of ancient maize cobs showed unusually high nitrogen isotope levels, confirming widespread guano use that supported population growth, complex society, and political power.
The findings suggest guano-fueled farming was central to the Chincha Kingdom’s rise from 1000 to 1400 CE, long before European contact.
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La gente pre-Inca Chincha usó guano de aves marinas para fertilizar maíz hace 800 años, impulsando la agricultura y permitiendo el ascenso de su reino.