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flag South Africa loses $2.6 billion yearly to illegal mining, fueling crime and child exploitation, prompting government crackdowns and reform efforts.

flag South Africa loses about R49 billion annually to illegal mining, which Minister Gwede Mantashe says fuels organized crime, violence, and human trafficking, distinct from regulated artisanal mining. flag The government has closed 280 mine openings and rehabilitated four asbestos mines, spending R180 million last year and R134.7 million this year, with progress tied to annual budget approvals. flag Operation Vala uMgodi targets illegal operations, especially in areas like Stilfontein and Barberton, where undocumented foreign nationals are involved. flag A review of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act aims to formalize legal mining and ban unlicensed trade. flag Social Development Minister Sisisi Tolashe highlighted child exploitation in illegal mines, with 32 minors found in the 2024 Stilfontein raid, 27 repatriated, and others in care, calling for broader social protection efforts.

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