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AI adoption initially cuts U.S. manufacturing productivity by up to 44%, but long-term gains follow, especially for newer firms.
At the 2026 American Economic Association conference, research revealed that U.S. manufacturing firms adopting AI initially face sharp productivity drops—up to 44%—due to high setup and retraining costs, but eventually see strong gains over time, forming a "J" curve.
Newer, more agile firms benefited most, while older companies struggled with adaptation.
Another study highlighted how WWII-era government investment in penicillin production through public-private partnerships created a lasting model for scientific innovation, driving advancements in medicine, defense, and technology for decades.
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La adopción de IA inicialmente reduce la productividad manufacturera de los Estados Unidos hasta en un 44%, pero las ganancias a largo plazo siguen, especialmente para las empresas más nuevas.