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flag China boosted consumption policies in 2025, but spending lagged income growth due to supply gaps and rising costs for small businesses, shaping its 2026–2030 development plan.

flag China has strengthened consumption policies since early 2025, stabilizing domestic demand amid global uncertainty. flag While income rose 5.2% in real terms through September 2025, spending grew only 4.7%, with goods outpacing services. flag Consumption patterns are increasingly divided by income and demographics, revealing a supply gap in mid-to-high-end goods and services. flag Small and medium enterprises face rising costs and innovation challenges, contributing to store closures. flag The upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) prioritizes balanced growth by linking consumption, investment, and human capital development.

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