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flag A 2026 expedition tests if deep-sea nodules produce oxygen in darkness, potentially reshaping mining rules.

flag In 2026, a team led by Andrew Sweetman is launching a deep-sea expedition to investigate the controversial claim that metallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone produce oxygen in darkness—a phenomenon known as "dark oxygen." flag Using specially designed landers, researchers will measure oxygen fluxes, electrical activity, and microbial life to test if metal layers generate oxygen via electrolysis. flag The findings, expected by June 2026, could reshape understanding of deep-sea ecosystems and influence global deep-sea mining regulations.

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