China's economy grew 5.2% in 2025, but its population shrank and birth rate hit a record low.

China's economy grew by 5.2% in 2025, meeting its target amid ongoing U.S. trade tensions, fueled by manufacturing, tech exports, and infrastructure spending. However, the country's birth rate hit a record low of 1.07 births per woman, the fifth straight year of decline, driven by high living costs, education pressures, and changing social norms. The population shrank by 3.4 million, raising concerns about long-term economic sustainability and an aging society, despite government efforts like housing subsidies and extended parental leave.