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flag Sydney and Melbourne to grow to 8M+ by 2050s, with Melbourne surpassing Sydney by 2066.

flag Australia's major cities are projected to grow rapidly, with Sydney and Melbourne each expected to reach eight million residents by the 2050s. flag By 2065–66, Melbourne is forecast to surpass Sydney as the most populous city, with 9.1 million people compared to Sydney’s 8.5 million. flag Urban areas are set to grow at twice the rate of regional regions, with 72% of Australians expected to live in capital cities by 2066, up from 68% today. flag Population growth is driven by natural increase and net overseas migration, though net migration declined to 260,000 in 2025–26 after post-pandemic highs above 550,000. flag The national population is projected to reach 31.5 million by 2035–36. flag Long-term trends include a declining fertility rate, an ageing population, and rising life expectancy. flag Treasurer Jim Chalmers highlighted government initiatives like expanded paid parental leave and a three-day early childhood education guarantee to support families amid record-low birth rates in 2025–26.

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