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flag Scientists discovered how legumes choose nitrogen-fixing bacteria using a molecular "lock-and-key" system, paving the way for non-legume crops to fix nitrogen naturally.

flag Scientists have uncovered how legumes select compatible nitrogen-fixing bacteria through a precise molecular "lock-and-key" mechanism involving plant flavonoids and a bacterial protein called NodD. flag Published in Science on January 9, 2026, the study reveals that NodD binds specific flavonoids via two distinct pockets, enabling only compatible rhizobia to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules. flag Differences in amino acids explain why related bacteria prefer different plant signals, ensuring accurate partner selection. flag This discovery could enable engineering non-legume crops like rice and wheat to form similar partnerships, reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and advancing sustainable agriculture.

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