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flag Japan’s monetary base dropped 4.9% in 2025, its first annual decline in 18 years, after ending decade-long stimulus.

flag Japan’s monetary base fell 4.9% in 2025, the first annual decline in 18 years, as the Bank of Japan ended its decade-long stimulus program. flag The central bank, having achieved sustained inflation above its 2% target, normalized policy by raising short-term rates to 0.75%, slowing bond purchases, and ending yield control and negative rates. flag December’s base reached 594.19 trillion yen, below 600 trillion for the first time since 2020, with a 9.8% year-on-year drop, driven by falling cash and reserve balances. flag Analysts expect continued contraction as tapering and potential rate hikes proceed.

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