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flag Ukraine recalls broken 1994 nuclear disarmament promises as it demands enforceable security guarantees from Western allies.

flag Ukrainians are drawing on painful historical memory during ongoing negotiations with Russia, recalling the 1994 Budapest Memorandum in which Ukraine gave up its nuclear arsenal in exchange for security assurances from the U.S., UK, and Russia. flag Many view those promises as broken after Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale invasion in 2022, fueling deep skepticism toward diplomatic guarantees. flag This history shapes Ukraine’s current stance, emphasizing the need for tangible, enforceable security measures and stronger alliances rather than reliance on unverified promises.

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