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flag North Sumatra farmers harvest frankincense sustainably, gaining certification and boosting exports despite challenges.

flag Indonesian farmers in North Sumatra’s Humbang Hasundutan regency continue harvesting frankincense from Styrax benzoin trees, a tradition tied to Batak culture and livelihoods. flag The resin, used in incense, medicine, and cosmetics, is sustainably tapped after trees mature over eight to ten years. flag In 2025, North Tapanuli frankincense received Geographical Indication certification, boosting its market value. flag Despite challenges like price volatility, climate change, and youth migration, local cooperatives and government initiatives are promoting sustainable practices and downstream processing, with Indonesia exporting $55.5 million in resins and $42.3 million in essential oils in 2024. flag Farmers balance heritage preservation with economic adaptation.

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