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flag Pakistan's labor migrants, many radicalized in Gulf work camps, return without debriefing, risking extremist ties and unmonitored spread to Europe.

flag A new report warns that Pakistan’s labor migration routes to the Gulf, managed by the Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment, are increasingly enabling radicalization through isolated work camps and informal religious networks. flag Returnees, many from high-terrorism regions, often join extremist groups like TTP and LeT, while onward migration via Turkey, the Balkans, or Libya creates unmonitored pathways into Europe. flag Over 240,000 migrants returned to Pakistan between 2012 and 2015 without systematic debriefing, and in 2016–2017, Saudi Arabia expelled around 40,000 Pakistanis linked to ISIS or security risks. flag These individuals may carry radicalized views into Europe, where they connect through community networks to Gulf-trained clerics, spreading extremist ideologies. flag The report calls for greater attention to this overlooked security vector.

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