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flag Kenya’s president shifts to a top-down infrastructure plan, sparking concerns over transparency and equity.

flag President William Ruto is shifting Kenya’s economic strategy from his grassroots Bottom-up Economic Transformation Agenda to a top-down "Singapore-style" development plan centered on large infrastructure projects funded by the National Infrastructure Fund. flag The new approach, relying on privatizations, public-private partnerships, and international financing, has drawn criticism for contradicting BETA’s focus on small entrepreneurs and for lacking transparency. flag Experts warn Kenya’s consumption-based economy lacks the production foundation needed for such transformation, raising concerns about exclusion, misallocated resources, and public skepticism amid new taxes and policy shifts.

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