Japan to admit 1.23 million foreign workers by 2028, expanding access and oversight through new visa programs.

Japan plans to admit about 1.23 million foreign workers by fiscal 2028, combining the existing Specified Skilled Worker program with a new Employment for Skill Development (ESD) program set to replace the Technical Intern Training Program in 2027. The ESD program will cap at 426,200 workers, allowing longer stays and a potential path to permanent residency after three years. The policy shift, driven by labor shortages and public concerns, aims to improve oversight, prevent exploitation, and expand coverage across 17 sectors. A final decision is expected in January after further review.