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flag China's 2025 rare earth export controls sparked global concern, leading to a temporary pause but ongoing Western efforts to reduce dependency.

flag In October 2025, China imposed new export controls on rare earth minerals, increasing bureaucratic barriers and reinforcing its strategic leverage over global supply chains. flag The move, aimed at enhancing geopolitical influence, triggered concern in the U.S. and prompted negotiations that led to a one-year pause on the restrictions. flag Despite this temporary easing, Western nations, including the EU, continue efforts to reduce reliance on China, with the EU pledging nearly three billion euros to build alternative supply chains and establish a European Centre for Critical Raw Materials. flag China’s dominance, driven by vast reserves in Jiangxi and Inner Mongolia and decades of state-led investment, remains unchallenged, with nearly 3,000 processing sites concentrated in Jiangxi, operating nearly 24/7 under tight government control.

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