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flag The D.C. Circuit ruled the president can fire NLRB and MSPB members without cause, calling for-cause limits unconstitutional.

flag On December 5, 2025, the D.C. flag Circuit ruled that the president can remove members of the NLRB and MSPB without cause, declaring statutory for-cause protections unconstitutional. flag The court held that these agencies exercise substantial executive power through rulemaking, enforcement, and binding decisions, falling under Article II’s executive authority. flag This decision overturns longstanding interpretations from Humphrey’s Executor, aligning with recent rulings that prioritize presidential accountability over agency insulation. flag The ruling affects other agencies like OSHRC and raises questions about the constitutionality of independent agency structures, as the Supreme Court prepares to review similar removal challenges.

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