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flag Late crop burning in India’s Punjab and Haryana worsens winter air pollution, harming Delhi’s air quality.

flag In 2025, crop residue burning in northern India’s Punjab and Haryana regions increasingly occurs between 4 p.m. and 6 p.m., later than the traditional early afternoon peak, according to NASA and satellite data. flag This shift, detected by high-frequency monitoring from South Korea’s GEO-KOMPSAT-2A, challenges older satellite systems like MODIS and VIIRS that pass over only once or twice daily, potentially missing late fires. flag Though overall fire activity was moderate, pollution spikes in October and November led to hazardous air quality in Delhi and surrounding areas, prompting school closures and construction bans. flag Scientists suggest late burns worsen pollution buildup due to weaker winds and a shallower atmospheric layer at night, with stubble burning contributing up to 70% of pollution on peak days, though its overall share remains debated.

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