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Extreme heat harms young children's learning, especially in poor urban areas.
Exposure to extreme heat, especially temperatures above 30°C (86°F), is linked to lower literacy and numeracy skills in children aged 3 to 4, a UNICEF-backed study across six countries found.
Monthly average highs of 32°C (90°F) reduced developmental progress by 2.8% to 12.2%, even after accounting for poverty and education.
Heat exposure in the first trimester, particularly at 33°C (91°F), also lowered developmental readiness by 5.6%.
The effects were more severe in poorer, urban households lacking cooling or clean water.
Experts warn early setbacks may widen over time, threatening lifelong learning.
While climate change is a key threat multiplier, researchers note other stressors like conflict may influence results.
Further study is needed to understand the mechanisms and guide effective policies.
El calor extremo daña el aprendizaje de los niños pequeños, especialmente en las zonas urbanas pobres.