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A new Indian textbook expands on Mahmud of Ghazni’s 11th-century invasions, detailing widespread destruction, looting, and violence.
The NCERT Class VII Social Science textbook now includes a six-page section on Mahmud of Ghazni’s 11th-century invasions of India, replacing a brief mention in the previous edition.
It details his 17 military campaigns, focusing on the destruction of cities like Mathura and Somnath, temple looting, mass killings, and the enslavement of civilians, including children.
The account highlights widespread violence against Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and rival Muslim groups, citing Persian scholar Abu Rayhn al-Biruni’s observations on the devastation of India’s cultural and scientific achievements.
It notes the effectiveness of Mahmud’s cavalry and archery tactics despite resistance from rulers like the Chandellas and Pratiharas.
The expanded content aims to provide a more comprehensive and critical view of the invasions’ historical impact.
Un nuevo libro de texto indio expande las invasiones de Mahmud de Ghazni en el siglo XI, detallando la destrucción generalizada, el saqueo y la violencia.