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flag German Chancellor Merz narrowly passed pension reform amid internal party conflict and protests.

flag German Chancellor Friedrich Merz narrowly passed a pension reform bill in the Bundestag on December 5, 2025, with 318 votes—just two above the required majority—after internal dissent from younger CDU members who opposed the plan to freeze pensions at 48% of average wages until 2031. flag The reform, backed by the coalition’s SPD partner, includes tax incentives to keep retirees working and sets up a commission to propose broader changes by mid-2026. flag The vote exposed deep party divisions, with only 597 of 630 MPs participating and opposition parties largely abstaining. flag Merz’s leadership remains weak, with low public approval and rising support for the far-right AfD. flag The same day, parliament approved voluntary military physicals for young men, sparking nationwide protests.

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