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flag SC/ST/OBC students now outnumber General Category peers in Indian higher education, with enrollment gaps widening since 2023.

flag A study by IIM Udaipur analyzing 13 years of India’s higher education data shows that students from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes now outnumber General Category students in enrolment, with their combined share rising from 43.1% in 2010–11 to 60.8% in 2022–23. flag The gap widened in 2023, with 9.5 million more SC/ST/OBC students enrolled than General Category students, even when including the Economically Weaker Section. flag The trend holds across government and private institutions, disciplines, and regions. flag Researchers say access is no longer the main barrier, but the "creamy layer" within reserved categories risks undermining equity, prompting calls for targeted reforms to ensure benefits reach the most disadvantaged.

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