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SC/ST/OBC students now outnumber General Category peers in Indian higher education, with enrollment gaps widening since 2023.
A study by IIM Udaipur analyzing 13 years of India’s higher education data shows that students from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes now outnumber General Category students in enrolment, with their combined share rising from 43.1% in 2010–11 to 60.8% in 2022–23.
The gap widened in 2023, with 9.5 million more SC/ST/OBC students enrolled than General Category students, even when including the Economically Weaker Section.
The trend holds across government and private institutions, disciplines, and regions.
Researchers say access is no longer the main barrier, but the "creamy layer" within reserved categories risks undermining equity, prompting calls for targeted reforms to ensure benefits reach the most disadvantaged.
Los estudiantes SC / ST / OBC ahora superan en número a sus pares de la categoría general en la educación superior de la India, y las brechas de inscripción se están ampliando desde 2023.