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Sick ant pupae release chemicals only when workers are near, signaling their illness to trigger removal and protect the colony.
Sick young ants infected with fatal fungi release specific chemical signals only when worker ants are near, deliberately alerting them to their illness and prompting lethal removal, a self-sacrificing behavior that prevents disease spread in the colony.
Researchers found the chemical cues, cuticular hydrocarbons, are actively emitted in response to worker presence, not just a byproduct of infection, and trigger workers to unpack, disinfect, and kill the infected pupae.
This altruistic signaling, observed in invasive garden ants, is the first evidence of such behavior in social insects and helps protect the colony’s survival by eliminating infection risks.
The study, published in Nature Communications, reveals a sophisticated collective defense strategy where individual sacrifice benefits the group.
Las pupas enfermas de hormigas solo liberan sustancias químicas cuando las obreras están cerca, señalando su enfermedad para activar la remoción y proteger a la colonia.