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Two European twin satellites launched on a SpaceX rocket to study Earth’s water cycle using GPS signals, marking ESA’s first rapid, low-cost mission.
On November 28, 2025, two twin HydroGNSS satellites launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket as part of the Transporter-15 rideshare mission.
Developed by the European Space Agency with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, the satellites use GNSS reflectometry to study Earth’s water cycle by analyzing L-band signals reflected from GPS and Galileo systems.
Orbiting 180 degrees apart, they measure soil moisture, snow depth, sea surface conditions, and freeze-thaw states, providing high-resolution data to improve climate and water resource monitoring.
The mission, ESA’s first Scout project, operates under a €35 million budget with a rapid three-year development timeline.
Both satellites confirmed in orbit and transmitting data, marking a successful launch and early operations phase.
The flight also carried Italy’s IRIDE environmental satellites and Greece’s ICEYE radar satellites, supporting disaster management and environmental monitoring.
Dos satélites gemelos europeos lanzados en un cohete de SpaceX para estudiar el ciclo del agua de la Tierra utilizando señales GPS, marcando la primera misión rápida y de bajo coste de la ESA.