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flag India to conduct first nationwide caste census in 2026–27, reversing past resistance amid concerns over deepening divisions.

flag A nationwide caste census, approved in April 2025 for 2026–27, marks a significant shift in India’s policy, reversing past opposition from leaders like Prime Minister Modi. flag Scholar Anand Teltumbde warns the move, while potentially offering data for social justice, risks entrenching caste divisions if not paired with structural reforms. flag He traces caste enumeration to British colonial efforts post-1857, which systematized fluid identities into rigid hierarchies. flag Despite historical avoidance by Indian leaders fearing national unity, a rare political consensus now supports the census amid changing electoral dynamics. flag Critics also highlight systemic failures in India’s inquiry commissions, which often delay justice and obscure accountability in mass violence cases, undermining truth-seeking and leaving survivors without redress.

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