China pauses rare earth exports, easing trade tensions but retaining dominance in global refining.

China has temporarily suspended new export controls on rare earths and critical minerals, easing tensions with the U.S. and Europe. The pause, effective November 2025, follows diplomatic talks and a U.S. delay of its "Affiliates Rule," restoring standard licensing. Despite the reprieve, China retains control over 90% of global rare earth refining, and the EU continues to face supply risks. EU industry chief Stephane Sejourne called China’s licensing demands a "racket" and warned of ongoing strategic threats. A new EU plan, to be unveiled December 3, will boost domestic production, recycling, joint procurement, and partnerships, and create a European Centre for Critical Raw Materials to strengthen supply security.