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flag India shifts to pre-emptive strikes and nuclear ambiguity to deter Pakistan and China after major terrorist attacks.

flag India has adopted a more assertive security doctrine, treating major terrorist attacks as acts of war and embracing pre-emptive strikes without waiting for full attribution or international approval. flag Driven by repeated attacks linked to Pakistan, including the 2025 Pahalgam incident, the shift, exemplified by Operation Sindoor, emphasizes coercive clarity, rapid response, and targeting the entire ecosystem enabling terrorism. flag The country now prioritizes strategic autonomy, rejects external mediation, and uses agreements like the Indus Waters Treaty as leverage. flag While maintaining a public No First Use nuclear policy, India has introduced calibrated ambiguity, enhanced nuclear readiness with MIRV-equipped missiles and submarine patrols, and blurred the line between conventional and nuclear conflict through precision strikes near sensitive sites. flag The transformation reflects broader doctrinal, diplomatic, and military changes aimed at deterring both Pakistan and China.

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