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flag The U.S. struggles to build a rare earth magnet supply chain due to shortages of critical heavy elements and reliance on China.

flag The U.S. and Western allies are advancing efforts to build a domestic rare earth magnet supply chain to reduce reliance on China, focusing on MP Materials' Nevada and California operations. flag However, progress is slowed by a critical shortage of heavy rare earth elements like dysprosium and terbium, essential for high-performance magnets in defense, EVs, and wind turbines. flag Despite significant investment and new partnerships, the U.S. lacks sufficient domestic processing capacity, with China expected to supply 91% of Western heavy rare earth needs by 2030. flag Global demand outpaces supply, driving up prices and highlighting ongoing vulnerabilities in the supply chain.

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