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flag Smoking just two cigarettes daily raises death and heart disease risks significantly, even after quitting.

flag A Johns Hopkins University study published in PLOS Medicine finds that smoking as few as two cigarettes per day increases the risk of death by 60% and heart disease by 50% compared to never smoking. flag The research, based on data from over 300,000 adults over nearly 20 years, shows even low-level smoking—such as 100 cigarettes in a lifetime—significantly raises cardiovascular risks. flag Former smokers still face elevated heart disease risks more than 20 years after quitting, indicating that cutting back is not enough. flag Experts stress that no amount of smoking is safe and that quitting entirely offers the greatest health benefits, with risks dropping sharply within the first decade. flag Despite declining overall smoking rates, the number of people smoking fewer than 15 cigarettes daily has risen by 85%, highlighting the need for more targeted clinical and public health approaches.

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