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flag China's rare earth dominance threatens clean energy supply chains, prompting global calls for diversification amid environmental and geopolitical risks.

flag China’s near-total control over rare earth minerals—nearly 60% of global production and 90% of refining—has raised alarms at COP30, with expert Jagannath Panda warning of geopolitical risks to the global clean energy transition. flag China’s dominance, built through strategic resource control, infrastructure expansion, and recent export restrictions on nearly all 17 rare earth elements and related technologies, threatens supply chain stability. flag The Tibetan Plateau, a key source of critical minerals, faces accelerated environmental degradation due to mining and warming three times faster than the global average, endangering water security for nearly 2 billion people. flag Despite its importance, the region remains underrepresented in climate talks. flag Delegates increasingly stress the need to diversify mineral supply chains to avoid dependence on a single state capable of weaponizing access.

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