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flag Scientists discovered a 407-million-year-old plant-fungus partnership in a Scottish fossil, revealing early land colonization.

flag Scientists have found the earliest known evidence of a plant-fungus partnership in a 407-million-year-old fossil from Scotland, revealing a symbiotic relationship crucial for early land colonization. flag The fossil, of the plant Aglaophyton majus, contains a newly named fungus, Rugososporomyces lavoisierae, with structures indicating nutrient exchange—fungi likely supplied minerals, plants provided sugars. flag Advanced imaging techniques confirmed arbuscules, key signs of mycorrhizal symbiosis, offering the clearest chemical and structural proof to date. flag The discovery, published in New Phytologist in November 2025, highlights fungi’s vital role in early terrestrial ecosystems and advances understanding of life’s transition to land.

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