U.S. and Japan pact boosts rare earth cooperation to cut China reliance for EVs, defense, and green tech.

The U.S. and Japan have signed a framework agreement to strengthen cooperation on critical minerals and rare earths, aiming to secure stable supplies for electric vehicles, defense systems, and renewable energy. The deal, announced during Trump’s visit to Tokyo, includes joint investments, streamlined permitting, and plans for financial support for projects within six months. Both nations aim to reduce reliance on China, which dominates global rare earth processing, amid recent export restrictions. The agreement also involves efforts to expand domestic production, enhance recycling, and collaborate with allies to build resilient supply chains.