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flag Climate change may make El Niño more intense and predictable within decades, worsening extreme weather.

flag A new study predicts that climate change could transform El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from irregular to more intense and predictable cycles within 30 to 40 years, driven by warming oceans and stronger air-sea interactions. flag Using high-resolution climate models under a high-emission scenario, researchers found ENSO may reach a tipping point, leading to larger sea surface temperature swings and increased synchronization with other global climate patterns like the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole. flag This could amplify rainfall variability, raising the risk of extreme weather—such as droughts and floods—in regions including Southern California and the Iberian Peninsula, a phenomenon scientists call “hydroclimate whiplash.” While more regular cycles might improve seasonal forecasts, the intensified impacts will challenge global efforts to manage water, agriculture, and infrastructure. flag The findings, supported by multiple models and observations, underscore the urgent need for adaptation strategies as fundamental climate patterns shift.

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