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flag Chinese scientists created a lead-free, tin-based solar cell with 17.7% efficiency, a record for this type, using a stable, uniform layer.

flag Chinese scientists have created a lead-free solar cell using tin, achieving a record 17.7% efficiency—the highest for tin-based perovskite cells. flag The breakthrough, led by Fudan University researchers and published in Nature, overcomes past issues like instability and low efficiency by using a molecular film to create a uniform, low-defect perovskite layer with better energy alignment and stability. flag Tin is abundant, non-toxic, and cost-effective, making the technology safer and more sustainable than lead-based or silicon solar cells. flag The advance could enable wider use in building-integrated systems, wearables, vehicle roofs, and off-grid applications where human contact is common.

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