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flag China has resolved over a million environmental cases since 2019 via state enforcement, with most settled before trial.

flag China has resolved over a million environmental cases since 2019, primarily through state prosecutors enforcing existing regulations rather than activist-driven litigation. flag Courts use scattered climate provisions across laws to ensure compliance, targeting companies for violations like using banned gases or failing carbon trading rules, with most cases settled before trial. flag NGOs have limited influence, cannot sue government officials, and play a minor role compared to state enforcers. flag Public and political support for environmental enforcement is strong, and the threat of litigation alone resolves over 95% of potential cases. flag While new laws like an Ecological and Environmental Code may expand legal avenues, their passage is uncertain and could be delayed for years.

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