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flag Russian opposition leaders in exile struggle to unite against Putin amid internal divisions and repression.

flag The Russian opposition, fragmented and operating largely from exile, persists in resisting Vladimir Putin’s regime amid intensified repression since the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. flag Key figures include Yulia Navalnaya, who leads the banned Anti-Corruption Foundation from abroad and organizes protests, alongside former FBK members like Leonid Volkov and Maria Pevchikh, and new CEO Vladislav Romantsev. flag Internal divisions have emerged, including over a Council of Europe initiative that excluded FBK from recognition. flag Mikhail Khodorkovsky, based in London, co-founded the Russian Antiwar Committee and leads Open Russia, though tensions with Navalny allies persist. flag Garry Kasparov and other exiled leaders continue advocating for democratic change, but personal rivalries and strategic disagreements undermine unity, limiting their collective impact on the global stage.

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