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flag Tiny pollution particles from traffic stick to blood cells within an hour, potentially harming the heart and brain, but FFP2 masks can block this.

flag Tiny air pollution particles, especially those 2.5 microns or smaller from vehicles and industry, can attach to red blood cells and travel through the bloodstream, potentially reaching the heart and brain, a small study in ERJ Open Research finds. flag After one hour of exposure to London traffic, participants had two to three times more particles on their red blood cells, with about 80 million cells carrying pollutants. flag Wearing FFP2 masks prevented this buildup, showing masks can reduce exposure. flag Lab tests confirmed diesel exhaust and brake/tire particles—containing metals like iron, copper, and zinc—readily adhere to red blood cells. flag Experts say this provides a mechanism for how pollution causes systemic harm and stress that long-term solutions require stronger air quality regulations, not just personal protection.

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