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Higher income inequality harms brain development in U.S. children, regardless of family income, a 2025 study finds.
A 2025 study of over 10,000 U.S. children aged nine to ten links living in areas with higher income inequality to measurable changes in brain structure, including reduced cortex surface area and altered connectivity in regions tied to emotion, memory, and attention.
Conducted by researchers from King’s College London, the University of York, and Harvard University using data from the ABCD Study, the findings show these effects occur regardless of a child’s individual family income or education level.
The study, published in Nature Mental Health, indicates that societal-level inequality creates a stressful environment that negatively impacts neurodevelopment and mental health, with lasting consequences.
Experts stress that reducing inequality through policies like progressive taxation, universal healthcare, and stronger social safety nets is essential for children’s cognitive and emotional wellbeing.
Una mayor desigualdad de ingresos perjudica el desarrollo del cerebro en los niños estadounidenses, independientemente del ingreso familiar, según un estudio de 2025.