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flag Tata Sons must list by Sept. 30, 2025, or face penalties after being labeled a shadow bank, despite claiming it's not a financial firm.

flag Tata Sons faces a September 30, 2025, deadline to list publicly after being classified as an "upper-layer" shadow bank by India’s RBI, a move tied to post-IL&FS regulatory reforms. flag The conglomerate, which owns Jaguar Land Rover, Air India, and Tata Steel, argues it’s not a financial institution and is unprepared for a listing due to major investments and internal divisions among its controlling trusts. flag Despite applying to be deregistered, the RBI has not ruled, keeping the deadline in effect. flag Meanwhile, a cyberattack disrupted Jaguar Land Rover plants, contributing to a $75 billion market cap loss and raising concerns over the group’s cybersecurity and operational resilience.

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