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flag The Netherlands will return 28,000 fossils, including "Java Man," to Indonesia due to colonial-era acquisition concerns.

flag The Netherlands will return over 28,000 fossils to Indonesia, including key Homo erectus specimens like the "Java Man" skullcap, following a recommendation from an independent commission that found the fossils were taken under questionable circumstances during colonial rule. flag The decision, announced on September 26, 2025, acknowledges that the removal likely occurred without local consent and may have involved coercion, with the fossils holding spiritual and economic significance to Indigenous communities. flag The collection, held at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden, will be transferred in stages with Indonesian partners, preserving its scientific value while addressing historical injustices. flag The move aligns with global efforts by Western nations to repatriate colonial-era artifacts.

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