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flag Researchers uncover how lightning forms, linking it to X-rays and high-energy particles in thunderclouds.

flag Researchers at Penn State have detailed how lightning forms in thunderclouds. flag Strong electric fields accelerate electrons that collide with air molecules, creating X-rays and a cascade of high-energy particles, which leads to lightning. flag This discovery, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, explains why some gamma-ray flashes occur without visible lightning and may help improve lightning prediction for safety and research purposes.

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