Russia expands its nuclear umbrella to protect CSTO members against conventional threats.

Russia's updated nuclear doctrine now includes protecting all members of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO), a group of post-Soviet states. According to Sergei Shoigu, Russia will consider using nuclear weapons as a last resort to defend these countries against aggression involving conventional weapons. Shoigu calls the doctrine clear and transparent, urging Western nations to read it carefully to avoid misinterpretation.

November 28, 2024
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